The double-edged sword effect of artificial intelligence usage on well-being: Self-efficacy and ego depletion as mediators

While artificial intelligence (AI) applications have been widely integrated into contemporary life, the predictive effect of AI on well-being remains paradoxical. Building on conservation of resources theory, this study hypothesized that AI would both foster and erode resources. Hence, I examined two conflicting mediating mechanisms in the relationship between AI usage and well-being: self-efficacy and ego depletion. I conducted a survey of 487 college students and found that self-efficacy and ego depletion acted as opposing mediators. AI usage boosted self-efficacy, while also contributing to ego depletion. Subsequently, self-efficacy enhanced well-being, whereas ego depletion diminished well-being. This study provides fresh perspectives on the paradoxical relationship between AI usage and well-being, and underscores the value of a balanced approach when utilizing AI features.